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The Museum. Metahistorical Theses

Information about the author: professor, historian, methodologist, Professor Emeritus at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9648-0103

Abstract: The author formulates nine theses about the museum from the metahistorical perspective, i.e. using the tools of cultural theory. This perspective makes all the different dimensions of the museum equal due to its humanistic status. The museum, as Florian Znaniecki would have said, is equipped with the humanistic coefficient, and the author chooses to call this inalienable parameter of the human aspect of the museum’s identity the historical coefficient. In other words, the humanistic coefficient means none other than historical relativity (in Joseph Margolis’ terms). In this context, the following theses / problems formulated in the paper seem legitimate:

Thesis 1. To the question whether we can indicate a status quo (artefact) which does not undergo musealisation the author answers: yes ex natura, no.

Thesis 2. Is it possible to musealise history?

Thesis 3. Anything that exists beyond the museum narrative is not a museum artefact.

Thesis 4. Cultural artefacts are not historical sources per se.

Thesis 5. Heritage artefacts of a given community have the chance to become museum artefacts.

Thesis 6. Museums of the rank of the Polish History Museum, as well as other similar museum centres, are the result

of an interplay between politics of memory, politics of heritage, and politics of history.

Thesis 7. Let us repeat: history at a museum is the result of a power clash between politics of memory, politics of heritage, and politics of history.

Thesis 8. An artefact’s museum label is an equivalent of the specification of a historical / historiographical fact.

Thesis 9. A factual (or, in a sense, reistic) museum exhibition replaces an event-centered historical narrative with an array of artefacts which represent it.

Keywords: museum, history at the museum, cultural artefact, museum artefact, museum narrative, historical source, politics of memory, politics of heritage, politics of history

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.01

Museum and Science: a Case Study of Royal Mantles

Information about the author: professor, historian, Professor of Polish-Lithuanian History at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies at University College London, Principal Historian at the Polish History Museum, Chairholder at the European Civilization Chair at the College of Europe in Natolin, https://orcid.org/0000- 0001-8737-2277

Abstract: The article, based on a lecture delivered at the Museum of Kraków on 5 September 2023, begins with reflections on the changing meanings of ‘museum’. Having posed the question about the role of scholarly research in enabling museums to fulfil their missions, it approaches the problem by considering what is known and not known about the condition, provenance, and functions of the coronation mantle of Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski displayed in the Cathedral Treasury Museum in Kraków. This robe is compared to the coronation mantle of Augustus III preserved in the National Museum in Warsaw and King John III Sobieski’s mantle as a knight of the French Order of the Holy Spirit, exhibited in the Crown Treasury at Wawel Royal Castle. The final section of the article draws conclusions and makes recommendations for strengthening scientific research in twenty-first-century museums.

Keywords: museums, science, history, memory, Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski, Augustus III

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.02

Sine qua non. About Science at the Museum

Information about the author: MA, art historian, Assistant Curator at the Museum of Kraków, Department of the History and Art of Kraków in the Middle Ages at Celestat, a branch of the Museum of Kraków, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0214-0264

Abstract: The paper attempts to track the role of scientific and academic activity conducted at museums and to identify specific examples of such activity, emphasizing the diversity of its forms. Most of the observations included in the text refer to institutions representing the historical, historical-artistic, and ethnographical museum profiles, while some remarks will also apply to archaeological museums, university museums, and other kinds of museum institutions. Regardless of the differences between various kinds of museums, the vast majority of them rely on the knowledge, methodology and experience of their staff members while undertaking almost any kind of substantive activity. Science is a sine qua non component conditioning the smooth functioning of a museum, and the fulfilment of its key tasks would be impossible without prior research. The paper elaborates on the issues concerning the definition of a museum in the context of science, the aspects included in the ICOM Code of Ethics for Museums, legal instruments, statutes and regulations, issues associated with academic and scientific activities carried out in museum institutions, publications, conferences and symposia. The author also writes about the history and development of academic research at museums, discusses the cooperation between museums and the academia, and poses the question about the legitimacy of equating the museum with a strictly academic institution. Issues associated with the scientific character of collections acquisition, as well as their solid and substantive processing are also being covered here. Exhibition is presented as a medium and a (still quite underestimated) tool used for practising science. Research on the identity of museums as such is yet another example of studies which could be pursued to significantly help museum institutions and their staff build their self-awareness. The effectiveness of museotherapy – an increasingly popular form of auxiliary therapy used to enhance conventional medical procedures – only confirms the importance of conducting wide-ranging research on the multiple aspects associated with museums.

Keywords: science, museum, ICOM Code of Ethics for Museums, academic research, museum-academic cooperation, academic institution, acquisition of collections, processing collections, museotherapy, exhibition

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.03

The Wall Paintings at Saint Sebastian’s Church in Wieliczka – an Attempt at a Dramatic Analysis

Information about the author: professor, theatrologist, performatist, Head of the Workshop of Polish Culture Abroad at the Institute of Polish Studies Glottodidactics, Jagiellonian University, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8502-8827

Abstract: The paper proposes a dramatic and relational analysisof Włodzimierz Tetmajer’s wall paintings at St Sebastian’s Church in Wieliczka, focusing not on the autonomous artistic values of individual painted representations but, rather, on finding the connections between them which determine the framework for action, where the polychrome is not regarded as decoration, but as theatrical scenery. In light of these principles, the author interprets Tetmajer’s work as a reference to the Romantic ideas connecting Christian theology and the ethics of Christ’s redemptive sacrifice with the historiosophical reflection on the resurrection, i.e. liberation of Poland. This reference is regarded by the author as polemical with the simplified version of Polish Romantic messianism, falsely accredited to Adam Mickiewicz, yet fully in line with the latter’s idea of complete transformation. Tetmajer’s wall paintings constitute the theatrical scenery for precisely that kind of transformation whose ritual model is the liturgy. Therefore, the fact that a work of art of such subtle, yet expressive transformational dramaturgy is located specifically in a church environment should be regarded as a testimony to Włodzimierz Tetmajer’s outstanding artistic awareness as an artist who remains in a close relationship with the original traditions of Polish culture.

Keywords: wall paintings, St Sebastian’s Church in Wieliczka, Włodzimierz Tetmajer, dramaturgy, art as a vehicle of transformation

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.04

On Włodzimierz Tetmajer’s Connections with the Theatre

Information about the author: PhD, Associate Professor at UJ, theatrologist, Chair of Theatre and Drama, Faculty of Polish Studies, Jagiellonian University (UJ), https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3097-9830

Abstract: The subject of the article is Włodzimierz Tetmajer’s cooperation with the Kraków theatre as a costume and stage designer portrayed against the backdrop of the rules and conventions which regulated the prevailing thought about visual arts in the theatre at the time, as well as in the context of Tetmajer’s overall artistic and literary interests. The author presents the chronology of Tetmajer’s commissioned stage works, inspects some of them in detail, and formulates an argument about the painter’s extraordinary engagement in the process of preparation of theatre performances and understanding of the rules of creating for the stage. At the same time, she points out that Tetmajer who in 1899 was mentioned as the theatre’s permanent art consultant alongside Stanisław Wyspiański never played a role in the development of Polish scenography as crucial as that played by his younger colleague. The reason for this state of affairs might lie in the painter’s own attitude and his personal goals, as Tetmajer considered the theatre as an intermediate link within his wider web of artistic ambitions and quests.

Keywords: Włodzimierz Tetmajer, Józef Kotarbiński, Stanisław Wyspiański, stage costume, scenery, theatre set design, painters in the theatre

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.05

The Former Silesian Seminary in Kraków in the Light of Preliminary Archival Research

Information about the author: historian, Kraków Regional Office of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-2518

Abstract: The building of the Silesian Seminary in Kraków was erected to meet the pastoral needs of the newly established Diocese of Katowice. The present paper outlines the circumstances under which this decision was made. The monumental, three-wing edifice was designed by Zygmunt Gawlik and Franciszek Mączyński and built in the years 1926–1928. Its austere shape, symmetrical forms and plain windows give the building its modern character. It represents modernism, while also paying a tribute to tradition, hence, the architectural details, low reliefs, the grating decorated with dragon heads. The building is not stylistically consistent – on the one hand, we have the two architects who designed it in tandem, and on the other hand we have a group of curial officers from Katowice, headed by bishop Stanislaw Adamski himself, supported by a team of architects from Katowice and Poznań who tried to correct the design and offered advice during the construction process. The paper reveals that the building underwent substantial transformations in terms of the geometry of the roofs and the elevations, compared to the original architectural design; the form and function of its surroundings proved to be equally changeable. The author has determined the names of the majority of the group of young artists who were involved in the process of decorating the seminary building under the direction of Xawery Dunikowski, e.g. identified the creators of specific low reliefs in the chapel. New findings have been made regarding the low reliefs representing the Evangelists which constitute the building’s visual trademark. In the case of the building of the Silesian Seminary, history and architecture intertwine in the most spectacular way. Each modification in the building’s architecture and furnishings has strong roots in the past. As a result of the preliminary research conducted in the archives of Kraków and Katowice, the paper has been enriched with previously unknown photographic material, e.g. photographs documenting the damage done to the building in January 1945 which has been largely forgotten. The research has enabled the author to complement the knowledge about the building’s history in the period of the Nazi German occupation and in the postwar years.

Keywords: Kraków, Three Bards Avenue, architecture, modernism, public buildings, seminary, sculpture

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.06

Jerzy Bandrowski (1883–1940)

Information about the author: sociologist, regionalist, member of the Jastarnia Branch of the Kashubian-Pomeranian Association, https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1863-5609

Abstract: The paper introduces the figure of Jerzy Bandrowski (1883–1940), a man of letters, feature writer, translator, and soldier. By using archival materials, such as memoirs, correspondence, press articles and documents, the author has produced a biographical sketch of Bandrowski who still remains a rather obscure figure, despite his colourful life and considerable literary output. The writer’s life and experiences have been portrayed against the background of the difficult times in which he lived, from his early student years, to the tumultuous period of the Great War which he spent in exile, including his sojourn in the Far East, to the interwar period and the problems he encountered.

Keywords: Jerzy Bandrowski, Juliusz Kaden-Bandrowski, Polish literature, Polish writers, Siberian Division, Kraków, Lviv, Warsaw, Poznań, Jastarnia

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.07

Juwenalia and Black Juwenalia 1977 – Photo Shots. A Presentation of Jaroslav Pulicar’s Photographs

Information about the author: library science specialist, photographer, Assistant Curator at the Museum of Kraków, Kraków Photography Department of the Museum of Kraków, https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4225-833X

Abstract: The objective of the paper is to present the works of a Czech photographer Jaroslav Pulicar acquired by the Museum of Kraków for its collection in 2023. The photographs, taken in May 1977 during the student festival juwenalia and the Black Juwenalia have been set in the context of the events that preceded the festival, namely Stanisław Pyjas’ death in unclear circumstances and the reaction of the victim’s friends who, aided by the political activists from the Workers’ Defence Committee, announced a period of mourning and imposed a boycott of the juwenalia. The paper discusses the dual perspective of the photographer who, at the time he was documenting the said events in Kraków, was a university student himself, while also being a foreigner speaking a foreign language, unaware of the circumstances he had found himself in, and regarding the reality from an external perspective.

Keywords: Jaroslav Pulicar, Black Juwenalia, May 1977, juwenalia, mourning, Stanisław Pyjas, Kraków, students, boycott

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.08

Kraków Philosopher Mirosław Dzielski and the Historical Contexts of His Social Philosophy, Part 2

Information about the author: PhD, historian, philosopher, president of Stowarzyszenie Filmowe Trzeci Tor [Third Track Film Association], editor in chief of the Zgniatacz. Nowohuckie Studia Naukowe [The Rolling Mill. Nowa Huta Academic Studies] annual, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7211-1955

Abstract: Using Mirosław Dzielski’s writings, archival materials, memoirs and historical analyses, the author of the paper attempts to describe Dzielski’s activity and shares his reflections on this historical figure. The paper presents Dzielski in the entourage of the times in which he was socially active and practised philosophy. It discusses what the author considers to be the most crucial pillars of Dzielski’s social philosophy, namely: revolutions, the Light-Life Movement, John Paul II, and Solidarity. Dzielski’s character and thought have been portrayed from the angle of these issues. The paper consists of two parts. The first part presents the philosopher’s figure and the first of the four pillars of his social philosophy, i.e. revolutions, while the remaining three pillars are discussed in the second part of the text.

Keywords: Mirosław Dzielski, Kraków, Polish People’s Republic, philosophy of history, Polish philosophy, Solidarity, John Paul II, revolution, revolution of the spirit, the Church, liberalism, capitalism, socialism, independent thought

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.09

Was Dworcowa Street Really Threatened by Decommunization? The Second Wave of the Decommunization of Kraków’s Streets in the Years 2016–2024

Information about the author: MA in Economics, a councilor of Kraków’s District III Prądnik Czerwony, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4313-0633

Abstract: The paper describes the process of decommunization of Kraków’s public space carried out by the Kraków City Council after 1994. During the City Council’s first term of office (1990–1994) about 150 street names glorifying dates and events which were significant for the Communist regime and had been introduced into the city’s public space in the era of the Polish People’s Republic by Communist party-controlled local authorities were removed. Despite the massive work completed by Kraków’s City Council of the first term of office, councillors would still encounter isolated cases of street names which they considered unworthy of such honour in the documentation and on street nameplates. Some of these were successfully replaced, while the liquidation of others was objected to by the residents, local regulations and the city’s district councils. The removal of the last standing street names commemorating the former regime would only be executed following the implementation of the Decommunization Law of 2016. The paper presents the perception of that law, the chronology of events, the actions undertaken by municipal authorities, the city’s district councils and ordinary residents, the mechanism of public consultation, as well as the power struggle between municipal and state authorities over who is empowered to make decisions about street names. There are also some digressions concerning the mistakes made by the authorities: these may be scarce, and may not do justice to the overall effect of the renaming project, yet they might turn into anecdotes about early 2000s Kraków in the future. Ultimately, in the discussed period one street was given (!) a name that glorified the former regime, 11 such street names were replaced, and the removal of further three street names of that kind was objected to and prevented following the verdicts of administrative courts. Dworcowa (lit. railway station) Street was never even considered for renaming, however, it quite unexpectedly became the symbol of protest against the decommunization campaign, the way it was carried out, and some of the changes it entailed.

Keywords: decommunization, renaming of streets, commie street names, Institute of National Remembrance, Kraków’s District Councils, nomenclature, street names named after historical figures, Law on the Prohibition of Propagation of Communism, resolution

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.10

The Concept of an Open Storehouse Carried Out at the Thesaurus Cracoviensis – Artefacts Interpretation Centre, a Branch of the Museum of Kraków, Compared to Other Projects of This Kind Operating at Polish Museums

Information about the author: PhD, art historian, Senior Assistant at the Museum of Kraków, Thesaurus Cracoviensis – Artefacts Interpretation Centre, a branch of the Museum of Kraków, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5316-5461

Abstract: The tremendous potential of the idea of a museum storehouse open to the public manifests itself in the growing list of new initiatives embracing the open storehouse formula in Poland. A chronological survey of such projects which have already been completed allows us to track the progressive process of Polish museums, and especially their storage spaces, becoming more open and accessible to the wider public.

A point of reference for other ventures of this kind is the project encompassing the central collections storehouse of the Museum of Kraków completed in the years 2007–2017 – a genuine innovation on a national scale. The failure to obtain external funding for this enterprise on the grounds of the alleged lack of social function for this kind of institution led the originators’ intentions towards the idea of an open storehouse. The successful fruition of the enterprise which was carried out on a grand scale was only possible thanks to the support of the Municipality of Kraków which provided half of the amount needed for this project.

Thesaurus Cracoviensis is perceived as a trailblazing and groundbreaking phenomenon. The visitors of the Artefacts Interpretation Centre, whether they are professionals working in the same field (museologists, conservators, art historians, etc.), or persons without any ties to the museum industry, are always immensely impressed by this Treasury of Kraków. Thanks to our connections with multiple museum institutions it has been possible to spread the concept of an open storehouse itself, and to implement the specific solutions used in it in a number of new and upcoming projects of this kind. Therefore, the Museum of Kraków has, in a certain sense, provided a strong impetus to popularize the idea of an open storehouse – a concept which has become a sign of the times in the field of contemporary museology.

Keywords: storehouse, artefact, treasury, museum, accessibility, Thesaurus Cracoviensis

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.11

The Charm of the Past? Side Notes on the Review of the Exhibitionand the Exhibition Catalogue Titled Nowoczesność reglamentowana. Modernizm w PRL [Rationed modernity: modernism in the Polish People’s Republic]

Information about the author: MA, art historian, Assistant Curator at the Museum of Kraków, Department of the History and Art of Kraków in the Middle Ages at Celestat, a branch of the Museum of Kraków, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0214-0264

Keywords: modernity, rationing, Polish People’s Republic, National Museum in Kraków, exhibition, modernism

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.12

TMateusz Król: Cechy krakowskie w XIV–XVI wieku [Kraków Guilds in the 14th–16th Centuries]. Biblioteka Krakowska [The Kraków Library], No. 169. Kraków 2023, 641 pp.

Information about the author: PhD, historian, Curator at the Museum of Kraków, Department of the History and Art of Kraków in the Middle Ages at Celestat, a branch of the Museum of Kraków, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3789-0794

Keywords: craft guilds, Kraków, late Middle Ages, early modern period

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.13

Włodzimierz Tetmajer. The Roots

Information about the author: DEng, retired researcher and lecturer at the Institute of Engineering and Water Management, Kraków University of Technology

Abstract: The paper discusses the paternal family roots of Włodzimierz Tetmajer, exploring his father Adolf ’s ancestry. The author formulates a number of hypotheses about the origins of the Polish line of the Tetmajer family, the patriotic engagement of various family members, their participation in national uprisings, as well as fields of their professional activity. The personages of two of Włodzimierz’s male relatives in particular – Józef and Ludwig Tetmajer, scientists of outstanding achievements in their fields – are presented with much detail. Two of the artist’s female relatives who played a significant role in his life, namely his cousin Maria Kostkowa, and his aunt Klementyna Olcyngierowa, are also mentioned in the paper.

Keywords: genealogy of the Tetmajer family, Włodzimierz Tetmajer, Józef Tetmajer, Ludwig Tetmajer

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.14

An Exhibition about Fun, or Fun at the Exhibition? The Social Reception of the Project Children’s Fun and Games in Communist Poland at Nowa Huta Museum

Information about the author: historian, anthropologist of history, Collections Curator at the Museum of Kraków, Nowa Huta Museum, a branch of the Museum of Kraków, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0847-2454

Abstract: The paper discusses the temporary exhibition titled Trzepaki, Reksio, Atari (Children’s Fun and Games in Communist Poland) which was presented at Nowa Huta Museum, a branch of the Museum of Kraków, from 16 February 2023 until 7 January 2024, and narrated the story of children’s games and entertainment in the time of Polish People’s Republic. The exhibition was interactive – while exploring exhibition space visitors were encouraged to engage in fun activities, touch the exhibits and get first-hand experience. The project was advertised as “an exhibition about fun and fun at the exhibition” and enjoyed exceptionally high attendance and popularity. It also received very good reviews from the audiences. The author attempts to answer such questions as what contributed to such a positive reception of the exhibition, to what extent was it due to the topics it explored, how significant were the interactive elements, and what other factors had an impact on its overall success. In her analysis of the subject the author uses the tools of participant observation. The data presented in the paper has been gathered by the author in the course of her active participation in the project as the author of the original concept behind the exhibition and the exhibition script, the exhibition curator, and the person responsible for the programme of events accompanying the exhibition.

Keywords: temporary exhibition, Polish People’s Republic, Nowa Huta, play, childhood, audience, interactivity, education, promotion

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.15

28 Albums Presenting Municipal Outdoor Holiday Decor by Bogusław Koperski

Information about the author: art historian, Collections Curator at the Museum of Kraków, Department of History and Art of Contemporary Kraków at the Museum of Kraków, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8625-9405

Abstract: The paper discusses the albums of Bogusław Koperski (b. 1941): a professional sculptor, a graduate of the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków whose career from the 1970s until the early 2000s centred around designing municipal outdoor decor. In the years 1968–1979 Koperski worked at the Municipal Decor Studio (Miejska Pracownia Dekoracyjna), a unit of the Budget and Economy Department of the Presidium of the Municipal National Council in Kraków (Prezydium Miejskiej Rady Narodowej w Krakowie), and later on (1980–1994) at the City of Kraków Decor Workshop – a unit of the “Krowodrza” Housing Management Company (Przedsiębiorstwo Gospodarki Mieszkaniowej Krowodrza). Following another reorganization, he became the Vice President of the Public Utility and Decor Company (Przedsiębiorstwo Usług Komunalnych i Dekoracji sp. o.o.).

Among the responsibilities of the Municipal Decor Studio was the preparation of designs of municipal outdoor decor and the execution of these projects in Kraków during national holidays such as Labour Day (1 May), National Day of the Rebirth of Poland (22 July), Liberation of Kraków from Nazi German Occupation (18 January), International Women’s Day, Twin Town Days (festivals celebrating Kraków’s partner towns: Kyiv, Leipzig, and Bratislava), occasional outdoor decor for International Folk Art Fair, Juwenalia Student Festival, Podgórze District Days, etc. Following the fall of Communism and the political transformation of 1989, Kraków would shift to celebrating other holidays and festivities: 3 May Constitution Day, National Independence Day (11 November), the sexcentenary of the Battle of Grunwald, the 750th anniversary of the establishment of Kraków under Magdeburg Law, the 325th anniversary of the Battle of Vienna, the papal visits of John Paul II and Benedict XVI, as well as seasonal celebrations of Christmas and Easter.

Bogusław Koperski is the creator of ca. 3,400 designs of outdoor decorations which were installed in Kraków’s streets, squares and plazas as all-year-round rack structures and became permanent features of specific locations within Kraków’s public space. Some decorations were hung on temporary structures that were built especially for a specific holiday, others were created to link two streets, and some were designed to feature on the elevations of buildings. The artist used cardboard and mixed media (pencil, ink, felt-tip pen, coloured pencils, base coat paint) for his designs. The Museum of Kraków owns 28 albums which contain Koperski’s drawings and design sketches of outdoor decor, as well as photographs of his completed projects in the public space. The albums also include letters of thanks and diplomas received by the artist, flyers and other printed ephemera, as well as press cuttings.

Keywords: Kraków, Koperski, national holidays, religious holidays, jubilees, Polish People’s Republic, design, municipal holiday outdoor decor, artistic output, visual arts, photographs, drawings, sketches, albums

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.16

An Outline of the History of the Delving into the City Festival at the Rynek Underground Museum Branch

Information about the author: historian, Senior Assistant at the Museum of Kraków, Rynek Underground, a branch of the Museum of Kraków, https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7886-6238

Abstract: The paper focuses on the long-term museum project event titled Drążenie miasta [Delving into the City] organized at one of the branches of the Museum of Kraków – the Rynek Underground. The author describes the 10 past editions of the cycle (2015–2024) – its principles, development, and its role in the functioning of the museum branch – in the context of the tourist route at Rynek Underground, i.e. Following the Traces of European Identity of Kraków.

Keywords: Kraków, Museum of Kraków, Main Market Square, Rynek Underground, museum event, project, Delving into the City

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.17

The Chronicle of Activity of the Museum of Kraków in 2023

Information about the author: historian, Collections Curator at the Museum of Kraków, Deputy Program Director at the Museum of Kraków, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8460-0078

Keywords: Włodzimierz Tetmajer, Chtist in the House of Martha and Mary, sisters of Lazarus, Jugowice fort, Museum and Centre of the Scout Movement, Kraków’s Intangible Heritage Interpretation Centre, Community Activity Centre, collections acquisition policy

doi.org/10.32030/KRZY.2024.18